Episodio 148
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Hola a todos. Soy Georgiana, tu profesora de inglés. Mi misión es ayudarte a hablar inglés con fluidez.
Hoy repasaremos cómo utilizamos los conditionals en inglés.
Después los practicaremos con una historia de punto de vista.
¡Empecemos!
Voy a revisar los principales tipos de condicionales. No te recomiendo memorizarlos como una lista de fórmulas. Es mucho más útil comprenderlos dentro de muchos ejemplos y contextos.
Precisamente por eso la técnica de historias de punto de vista funciona tan bien: te permite escuchar cómo cambia la estructura mientras cambia la situación.
Los condicionales en inglés no son tan complicados como parecen.
Zero conditional.
Utilizamos el zero conditional para hablar de cosas que son siempre verdaderas o de relaciones generales de causa y efecto.
Por ejemplo:
“If you heat water, it boils.”
“If you heat ice, it melts.”
“If it rains, the grass gets wet.”
First conditional.
Utilizamos el first conditional para hablar de una situación futura posible y de un resultado probable.
Por ejemplo:
“If you study more, you’ll pass the exam.”
“If I have time, I’ll help you.”
Second conditional.
El second conditional sirve para hablar de situaciones menos probables, hipotéticas o imaginarias.
Por ejemplo:
“If you went to the cinema, you’d enjoy the new Star Trek movie.”
“If you studied more, you’d pass the exam.”
En estos ejemplos la situación se presenta como más hipotética. “If you went to the cinema” sugiere que quizá no vayas, pero imaginamos qué ocurriría si lo hicieras.
Third conditional.
El third conditional se refiere al pasado. Imaginamos un resultado alternativo para algo que ya ocurrió y que no podemos cambiar.
Por ejemplo:
“If you had studied more, you would’ve passed the exam.”
“If I had had more time, I would’ve helped you.”
“If I had visited you, I could’ve helped you.”
Todo está situado en el pasado y estamos imaginando cómo habría cambiado el resultado si las circunstancias hubieran sido diferentes.
Veamos juntos el first, second y third conditional con una misma idea:
“If I have enough money, I’ll buy a ticket to travel to New York.”
“If I had enough money, I would buy a ticket to travel to New York.”
“If I had had enough money, I would’ve bought a ticket to travel to New York.”
¿Ves cómo cambian los tenses y también el grado de realidad o posibilidad?
Ahora vamos a practicar.
¿Quieres seguir practicando inglés? Continúa con un curso de audio completo.
GRAMÁTICA EN CONTEXTO
Historia POV: gramática en contexto
Escucha la misma historia desde dos puntos de vista y observa cómo cambia la gramática de forma natural.
| 01 |
Primera versión Futuro |
This is how it works: I'll tell you a short story more than one time. Every time, I'll change a grammar point. For example, I can change the tense or the person. This way, you'll intuitively recognize the changes.
Ok, let's start:
Emily wants to travel to another country. She thought about several options, but if she goes to Russia, she will see her friend Lily.
When she arrives at the airport in Moscow, it's freezing. If Emily doesn't want to get cold, she'll have to wear a jacket, so she buys a new one. Her friend Lily suggests that if she visits the Red Square, she'll like it very much, so they go there, and later they eat at a fine restaurant.
Emily complains that if Lily doesn't translate the menu, she won't be able to order anything. Lily helps her friend with that.
The next day, Lily suggests going to the river. Emily thinks that if they go there, she won't take a bath. It's too cold.
Finally, Emily returns to her country. She decides that if she ever goes back to Russia, she'll bring her warmest jacket with her.
| 02 |
Segunda versión Nuevo punto de vista |
Emily wants to travel to another country. She thought about several options, but if she went to Russia, she would see her friend Lily.
When she arrives at the airport in Moscow, it's a bit cold. Emily isn't too cold, but if she wanted to be perfectly warm, she would have to wear a jacket. She buys a new one. Her friend Lily suggests that if she visited the Red square, she would like it very much. They go there, and later they eat at a fine restaurant.
Emily complains that if Lily didn't translate the menu, she wouldn't be able to order anything. Lily helps her friend with that.
The next day, Lily suggests going to the river. Although the temperature isn't cold, Emily thinks that if they finally went to the river, she wouldn't take a bath.
Finally, Emily returns to her country. She decides that if she went to Russia again, she would bring a jacket with her.
| 03 |
Third version Pasado |
Emily just traveled to France. She thought that if she had gone to Russia instead, she would have spent more time with Lily.
Russia is usually cold, so if Emily had visited this country, she would've had to wear a warm jacket.
Lily told Emily that she would've liked it very much if she had gone to Red Square. Besides, if they had eaten at a restaurant, Lily would've translated the menu to her friend.
In Russia, they would've visited the river. If they had gone to the river, Emily wouldn't have taken a bath.
Emily thought that if she had visited Russia, she would've brought a warm jacket with her.
Ok, this is the end of this short lesson. Don't worry if you find the third conditional a bit difficult. It is not something that is commonly used. The zero, the first and the second conditional are more common.
You see, just by changing a point of view of the story, you can learn grammar intuitively. Today, we have practiced all the conditionals of English. My recommendation: Listen to the Point of View many times. It'll help a lot.
Gracias por escuchar. Nos vemos en el próximo episodio.
Repaso
Vocabulario
Repasa las palabras y expresiones más útiles antes de volver a escuchar.
Zero conditional
Condicional utilizado para hablar de hechos que son siempre verdaderos.
First conditional
Condicional utilizado para hablar de un resultado probable o posible en el futuro.
Second conditional
Condicional utilizado para situaciones menos probables, imaginarias o hipotéticas.
Third conditional
Condicional utilizado para imaginar un resultado distinto de algo que ya ocurrió en el pasado.
Probable result
Resultado que tiene bastantes posibilidades de ocurrir.
Hypothetical
Imaginado o supuesto, en lugar de completamente real o seguro.
Alternative result
Resultado diferente de lo que ocurrió o de lo que podría ocurrir en otra situación.
Tense
Tiempo verbal que indica cuándo ocurre una acción o situación.
¿Quieres seguir practicando inglés? Continúa con un curso de audio completo.