Episodio 13
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¡Hola! Soy Georgiana, tu profesora de inglés. Hoy vamos a repasar cómo utilizamos los conditionals en inglés y después los practicaremos con una historia POV.
Mi recomendación no es memorizar fórmulas, sino comprenderlas a través de muchos ejemplos y contextos.
Zero conditional
Lo utilizamos para hablar de situaciones que son siempre verdaderas o de resultados generales.
Ejemplos: "If you heat water, it boils." / "If you heat ice, it melts." / "If it rains, the grass gets wet."
First conditional
El first conditional se usa para hablar de un resultado probable o posible en el futuro.
Ejemplos: "If you study more, you'll pass the exam." / "If I have time, I'll help you."
Second conditional
El second conditional presenta una situación más hipotética o menos probable.
Ejemplos: "If you went to the cinema, you'd enjoy the new Star Trek movie." / "If you studied more, you'd pass the exam."
En estos ejemplos imaginamos una situación que no es la realidad actual o que consideramos poco probable.
Third conditional
El third conditional mira hacia el pasado y nos permite imaginar un resultado alternativo para algo que ya ocurrió.
Ejemplos: "If you had studied more, you would've passed the exam." / "If I had had more time, I would've helped you." / "If I had visited you, I could've helped you."
Observa ahora cómo cambia la misma idea:
"If I have enough money, I'll buy a ticket to travel to New York."
"If I had enough money, I would buy a ticket to travel to New York."
"If I had had enough money, I would've bought a ticket to travel to New York."
Fíjate en cómo cambian los tiempos verbales. La historia de la siguiente sección te ayudará a percibir estas diferencias de una forma mucho más intuitiva.
¿Quieres practicar más la expresión oral? Continúa con un curso completo de audio.
GRAMÁTICA FÁCIL
Historia POV: gramática en contexto
Lee la misma historia desde distintos puntos de vista y observa cómo cambia la gramática de forma natural.
| 01 |
Primera versión Primer condicional |
Emily wants to travel to another country. She thought about several options, but if she goes to Russia, she will see her friend Lily.
When she arrives at the airport in Moscow, it's freezing. If Emily doesn't want to get cold, she'll have to wear a jacket, so she buys a new one. Her friend Lily suggests that if she visits the Red Square, she'll like it very much, so they go there, and later they eat at a fine restaurant.
Emily complains that if Lily doesn't translate the menu, she won't be able to order anything. Lily helps her friend with that.
The next day, Lily suggests going to the river. Emily thinks that if they go there, she won't take a bath. It's too cold.
Finally, Emily returns to her country. She decides that if she ever goes back to Russia, she'll bring her warmest jacket with her.
| 02 |
Segunda versión Segundo condicional |
Emily wants to travel to another country. She thought about several options, but if she went to Russia, she would see her friend Lily.
When she arrives at the airport in Moscow, it's a bit cold. Emily isn't too cold, but if she wanted to be perfectly warm, she would have to wear a jacket. She buys a new one. Her friend Lily suggests that if she visited the Red square, she would like it very much. They go there, and later they eat at a fine restaurant.
Emily complains that if Lily didn't translate the menu, she wouldn't be able to order anything. Lily helps her friend with that.
The next day, Lily suggests going to the river. Although the temperature isn't cold, Emily thinks that if they finally went to the river, she wouldn't take a bath.
Finally, Emily returns to her country. She decides that if she went to Russia again, she would bring a jacket with her.
| 03 |
Tercera versión Tercer condicional |
Emily just traveled to France. She thought that if she had gone to Russia instead, she would have spent more time with Lily.
Russia is usually cold, so if Emily had visited this country, she would've had to wear a warm jacket.
Lily told Emily that she would've liked it very much if she had gone to Red Square. Besides, if they had eaten at a restaurant, Lily would've translated the menu to her friend.
In Russia, they would've visited the river. If they had gone to the river, Emily wouldn't have taken a bath.
Emily thought that if she had visited Russia, she would've brought a warm jacket with her.
Ok, this is the end of this short lesson. Don't worry if you find the third conditional a bit difficult. It is not something that is commonly used. The zero, the first and the second conditional are more common.
You see, just by changing a point of view of the story, you can learn grammar intuitively. Today, we have practiced all the conditionals of English. My recommendation: Listen to the Point of View many times. It'll help a lot.
Gracias por escuchar. Nos vemos en el próximo episodio.
Repaso
Vocabulario
Repasa las palabras y expresiones más útiles antes de volver a escuchar.
Zero conditional
Un condicional utilizado para cosas que siempre son verdaderas.
First conditional
Un condicional utilizado para hablar de un resultado probable.
Second conditional
Un condicional utilizado para situaciones menos probables o más hipotéticas.
Third conditional
Un condicional utilizado para imaginar un resultado diferente de algo que ocurrió en el pasado.
Probable result
Un resultado que probablemente ocurrirá.
Hypothetical
Imaginario en lugar de seguro o real.
Alternative result
Un resultado posible diferente del que ocurrió realmente.
Tense
La forma verbal que indica cuándo ocurre una acción o situación.
¿Quieres practicar más la expresión oral? Continúa con un curso completo de audio.